Name: Graph Database Engines Comparison
Creator: GDB-Engines
License: https://github.com/cjlm/gdb-engines/blob/main/LICENSE

↑												Active development	Commercial support	Live community	Open Source	Pricing	Trendiness	Containerization	Work as dedicated instance	Work as embedded	Testing in-memory version	Operating on Linux	Operating on Windows	SaaS offering	Automatic updates	Client side caching	Data versioning support	Live backups	Cluster Re-balancing	Data Distribution	High-Availability	Query Distribution	Replication support	Data types defined	Logging/Auditing	Object-Graph Mapper	Reactive programming	Documentation up-to-date	Binary protocol	CLI	GUI	Multi-database	Graph-native data	REST API	Query Language	Granular locking	Multiple isolation levels	Read committed transaction	Transaction support	Constraints	Schema support	Secondary indexes	Server side procedures	Triggers	Authentication	Authorization	Data encryption
1	GitHub repository 17.4k	Neo4j Inc	LPG		Established	2007	Yes	GPL-3.0	Java	Cypher GQL	BoltHTTP/REST
2	GitHub repository 14.3k	ArangoDB Inc	Multiple		Enterprise	2012	No	BUSL-1.1	C++	AQL	HTTP/REST
3	GitHub repository 4.7k	Memgraph	LPG		Enterprise	2020	Yes	BUSL-1.1	C++	openCypher	Bolt
4	GitHub repository 21.8k		LPG		Enterprise	2015	Yes	Apache-2.0	Go	DQLGraphQL	HTTP/RESTgRPCGraphQL (HTTP)
5	GitHub repository 10.5k		LPG		Established	2018	Yes	SSPL-1.0	C	openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTRedis RESP
6 ▲3	GitHub repository 940	University of Freiburg	RDF		Emerging	2017	Yes	Apache-2.0	C++	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7 ▲1	GitHub repository 33.3k	SurrealDB	Multiple		Growing	2022	No	BUSL-1.1	Rust	GQL GraphQLSurrealQL	HTTP/RESTgRPCGraphQL (HTTP)
8 ▲2	GitHub repository 5k		Multiple		Enterprise	2010	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin SQL	HTTP/RESTNative binary
9 ▼2	GitHub repository 4.5k		Other		Growing	2016	No	MPL-2.0	Rust	TypeQL	HTTP/RESTgRPC
10 ▲13	GitHub repository 5.9k	The Linux Foundation	LPG		Established	2017	Yes	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	Gremlin (WebSocket)Gremlin (HTTP)
11 ▼5	GitHub repository 1.2k	ArcadeDB	Multiple		Growing	2021	Yes	Apache-2.0	Java	GraphQL Gremlin openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTgRPC
12 ▲2	GitHub repository 1.9k	LadybugDB	LPG	Embedded	Growing	2025	Yes	MIT	C++	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
13 ▼1	—	Microsoft	Multiple		Enterprise	2014	Yes	Proprietary	C++	Gremlin SQL	HTTP/RESTGremlin (WebSocket)Native binary
14 ▼3	GitHub repository 6.3k	HelixDB	Other		Emerging	2025	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	HelixQLopenCypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15 ▼2	—	Amazon Web Services	Multiple		Enterprise	2017	Yes	Proprietary	C++	Gremlin openCypher SPARQL	BoltHTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
16 ▼1	GitHub repository 2k	Oxigraph Community	RDF		Emerging	2020	Yes	Apache-2.0 OR MIT	Rust	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
17 ▼1	GitHub repository 1.6k	Ontola	Other		Emerging	2020	No	MIT	Rust	Custom API	HTTP/RESTWebSocket	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18 ▼1	GitHub repository 1.5k	Apache Software Foundation	RDF		Established	2010	Yes	Apache-2.0	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
19	GitHub repository 2.2k	Apache TinkerPop	LPG	Embedded	Established	2009	Yes	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
20 ▲5	—	TigerGraph	LPG		Established	2017	No	Proprietary	C++	GSQL	HTTP/REST
21 ▼3	GitHub repository 2.5k	RDFLib Community	RDF	Library	Established	2002	Yes	BSD-3-Clause	Python	SPARQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
22 ▼2	GitHub repository 4.9k	Apache Software Foundation	LPG	Extension	Established	2020	Yes	Apache-2.0	C	openCypher SQL	PostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
23 ▼2	GitHub repository 480	Fluree	RDF		Growing	2018	No	BUSL-1.1	Rust	GraphQLJSON-LD QueryopenCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
24 ▲2	GitHub repository 3.5k		Multiple		Emerging	2019	No	Apache-2.0	Prolog	GraphQLWOQL	HTTP/RESTGraphQL (HTTP)
25 ▲2	GitHub repository 423	Eclipse Foundation	RDF		Established	2002	Yes	BSD-3-Clause	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
26 ▼4	GitHub repository 652	Pometry	LPG		Emerging	2020	No	GPL-3.0	Rust	GraphQL	GraphQL (HTTP)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
27 ▲7	GitHub repository 443	JetBrains	LPG		Emerging	2024	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin SQL	Gremlin (WebSocket)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
28 ▼4	GitHub repository 621	Comunica Association	RDF	Query Engine	Emerging	2018	No	MIT	TypeScript	GraphQL SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
29 ▲18	GitHub repository 1.9k	ModernRelay	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Rust	Custom API	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
30 ▼2	GitHub repository 19.2k	GUN	LPG		Established	2014	No	Zlib OR MIT OR Apache-2.0	JavaScript	Custom API	WebSocket	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
31 ▼2	GitHub repository 2.6k	Graphistry	LPG	Query Engine	Growing	2023	No	BSD-3-Clause	Python	GFQLopenCypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
32 ▼1	GitHub repository 12.5k	Vesoft	LPG		Established	2019	No	Apache-2.0	C++	nGQL	Thrift
33 ▼1	—	Franz Inc	RDF		Established	2004	Yes	Proprietary	Common Lisp	PrologSPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
34 ▲5	GitHub repository 832	GrafeoDB	Multiple		Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	GQL GraphQL Gremlin	BoltHTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
35 ▼2	—	Stardog Union	RDF		Enterprise	2011	Yes	Proprietary	Java	GraphQL SPARQL SQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
36 ▼6	—	Progress Software	Multiple		Enterprise	2001	Yes	Proprietary	C++	SPARQL SQLXQuery	HTTP/RESTSPARQL ProtocolPostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
37 ▲6	GitHub repository 924	orneryd	LPG		Emerging	2025	No	MIT	Go	GraphQL openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
38 ▲3	GitHub repository 188	Turing Biosystems	LPG		Emerging	2025	No	BUSL-1.1	C++	openCypher	HTTP/RESTNative binary
39 ▼3	—	SAP	Multiple		Enterprise	2010	No	Proprietary	C++	GraphScriptopenCypher SQL	JDBC/ODBCNative binary
40 ▼3	GitHub repository 1k	Ontopic	RDF	Query Engine	Established	2009	No	Apache-2.0	Java	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
41 ▼6	GitHub repository 4k	Kuzu Inc (acquired by Apple)	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2022	Yes	MIT	C++	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
42 ▼2	GitHub repository 978	OpenLink Software	Multiple		Enterprise	1998	Yes	GPL-2.0	C	SPARQL SQL	SPARQL ProtocolJDBC/ODBC
43 ▼5	GitHub repository 3.2k	Apache Software Foundation	LPG		Established	2018	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin openCypher	HTTP/RESTGremlin (WebSocket)Gremlin (HTTP)
44 ▼2	GitHub repository 1.5k		LPG	Extension	Growing	2016	No	Apache-2.0	C	openCypher SQL	PostgreSQL wire
45 ▲1	—	Google	LPG		Enterprise	2024	Yes	Proprietary	C++	GQL SQL/PGQ	HTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
46 ▲3	GitHub repository 747	Jeff Hajewski	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Zig	Cypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
47 ▼2	GitHub repository 513	CWI Database Architectures Group	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2023	No	MIT	C++	SQL/PGQ	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
48	—	Google	LPG		Enterprise	2026	Yes	Proprietary	C++	GQL SQL/PGQ	HTTP/RESTgRPCJDBC/ODBC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
49 ▼5	GitHub repository 5.2k		LPG		Established	2012	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
50	—		RDF		Enterprise	2017	Yes	Proprietary	C++	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
51 new	GitHub repository 13.1k	HydraDB	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	AGPL-3.0	Rust	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
52 ▲1	—	Kinetica	Multiple		Established	2009	No	Proprietary	C++	SQL	HTTP/RESTPostgreSQL wireJDBC/ODBC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
53 ▼2	GitHub repository 1.8k	GCHQ	Other	Query Engine	Established	2015	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Custom API	HTTP/REST
54 ▲3	GitHub repository 366	thatDot	LPG		Emerging	2022	No	MIT + Commons Clause	Scala	Gremlin openCypher	HTTP/RESTWebSocket	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
55 ▼1	—	PuppyQuery Inc	LPG	Query Engine	Growing	2024	Yes	Proprietary	-	Gremlin openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTGremlin (WebSocket)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
56 ▲8	—	Graphwise	RDF		Enterprise	2005	Yes	Proprietary	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL ProtocolJDBC/ODBC
57 ▲3	—	Oracle	Multiple		Enterprise	2005	Yes	Proprietary	Java	PGQLSPARQL SQL/PGQ	HTTP/RESTSPARQL ProtocolJDBC/ODBC
58 ▼3	GitHub repository 4.1k	Cozo	Other		Growing	2022	No	MPL-2.0	Rust	Datalog	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
59 ▼1	GitHub repository 1.4k	Aerospike	LPG		Enterprise	2023	Yes	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	HTTP/RESTGremlin (WebSocket)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
60 ▼8	GitHub repository 15.1k		RDF		Emerging	2014	No	Apache-2.0	Go	GizmoGraphQLMQL	HTTP/REST
61 ▼5	GitHub repository 842	Peking University	RDF		Emerging	2015	No	BSD-3-Clause	C++	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTgRPCNative binary	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
62 ▲9	GitHub repository 527	Colliery IO	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2025	No	MIT	C	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
63 ▼2	—	Fauna Inc	Multiple		Emerging	2016	No	Apache-2.0	Scala	FQLGraphQL	HTTP/REST
64 ▼2	—		LPG		Established	2016	Yes	Proprietary	Java	CQLGremlin	Native binary
65 ▼6	GitHub repository 3.6k	Alibaba	LPG		Growing	2020	No	Apache-2.0	C++	Gremlin openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTGremlin (WebSocket)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
66 ▲4	GitHub repository 245	NodeDB-Lab	Multiple		Emerging	2026	No	BUSL-1.1	Rust	openCypher SQL	HTTP/RESTPostgreSQL wireRedis RESP
67 ▼2	—	RelationalAI	Other		Growing	2022	No	Proprietary	Julia	RelSQL	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
68 ▼5	GitHub repository 177	Alibaba	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	C++	openCypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
69 ▲36	GitHub repository 232	Jacopo Scazzosi	RDF	Embedded	Emerging	2017	No	MIT	TypeScript	SPARQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
70 ▼4	GitHub repository 619	Apache Software Foundation	LPG	Query Engine	Established	2012	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Java API	Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
71 ▼3	GitHub repository 188	LanceDB Inc	LPG	Query Engine	Emerging	2025	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	openCypher SQL	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
72 ▲14	GitHub repository 62	FalkorDB	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2025	No	SSPL-1.0	Python	openCypher	Redis RESP	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
73 ▲49	GitHub repository 225	-	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	MIT OR Apache-2.0	Rust	Datalog	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
74 ▼7	GitHub repository 1.8k	Ant Group	LPG		Established	2022	No	Apache-2.0	C++	GQL openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTNative binary	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
75 ▼6	GitHub repository 2.3k	Microsoft	LPG		Enterprise	2015	No	MIT	C#	LIKQ	HTTP/RESTNative binary	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
76 ▼4	—	Sparsity Technologies	LPG		Established	2008	No	Proprietary	C++	openCypher	-
77 ▼4	GitHub repository 299	Garlik	RDF		Emerging	2009	No	GPL-3.0	C	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
78 ▼3	GitHub repository 3.3k	Twitter (now X)	Other		Established	2010	No	Apache-2.0	Scala	Thrift API	Thrift	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
79 ▼3	GitHub repository 987	SYSTAP	RDF		Established	2007	Yes	GPL-2.0	Java	Gremlin SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
80 ▲12	GitHub repository 20	Gregory Todd Williams	RDF	Library	Emerging	2014	No	GPL-1.0-or-later OR Artistic-1.0-Perl	Perl	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
81 ▼7	GitHub repository 267	IMFD Chile	Multiple		Emerging	2021	No	GPL-2.0	C++	GQL SPARQL	SPARQL ProtocolWebSocket	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
82 ▼4	—	Ultipa	LPG		Growing	-	Yes	Proprietary	C++	GQLUQL	HTTP/REST
83 ▼6	GitHub repository 105	Dave Beckett	RDF	Library	Established	2000	No	LGPL-2.1 OR GPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0	C	SPARQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
84 ▼4	GitHub repository 463	-	RDF	Embedded	Emerging	2012	No	MIT	C#	LINQSPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol
85 ▼3	—	University of Oxford	Other	Query Engine	Emerging	2018	No	-	-	Vadalog	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
86 ▼7	GitHub repository 105	Katana Graph	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2020	No	BSD-3-Clause	C++	openCypher	-
87 ▼6	GitHub repository 402	NodeFn Inc.	RDF	Embedded	Emerging	2018	No	MIT	Python	Custom API	HTTP/REST
88 ▲10	—	PostgreSQL Global Development Group	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	PostgreSQL	C	SQL/PGQ	PostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
89 ▼5	—	Ultipa	LPG		Growing	-	No	Proprietary	-	GQL	HTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
90 ▼2	GitHub repository 251	-	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2007	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Java API	-
91 ▼6	GitHub repository 115	Apache Software Foundation	RDF		Emerging	2016	No	Apache-2.0	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
92 ▼5	GitHub repository 26	Gregory Todd Williams	RDF	Library	Emerging	2008	No	Artistic-1.0-Perl OR GPL-1.0-or-later	Perl	SPARQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
93 ▼4	—		RDF		Enterprise	2018	No	Proprietary	C++	openCypher SPARQL	BoltSPARQL ProtocolgRPC
94 ▼3	—	Prometheux	Other	Query Engine	Growing	2022	No	Proprietary	-	Vadalog	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
95 ▲1	—	FactNexus	LPG		Enterprise	2013	No	Proprietary	-	GraphQL	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
96 ▼1	GitHub repository 136	Kineviz	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2025	No	MIT	C++	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
97 new	GitHub repository 25	HDC Labs	LPG	Query Engine	Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
98 ▼15	GitHub repository 144	Agnesoft	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2023	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	Custom API	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
99 ▼2	GitHub repository 263	-	Other	Extension	Emerging	2016	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	-
100 ▲4	GitHub repository 76	Kristian dF Kollsgård	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Rust	Custom API openCypher	Bolt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
101 ▼7	GitHub repository 148	Predictable Labs	LPG		Emerging	2025	Yes	MIT	C++	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
102 ▲5	GitHub repository 38	POSTECH (DSLab)	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2025	No	MIT	C++	openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
103 ▼2	—	Microsoft	LPG		Enterprise	2025	No	Proprietary	-	GQL	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
104 ▼1	GitHub repository 14	PLEIAD	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Rust	GQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
105 ▼12	GitHub repository 45	Dan Bennett	RDF	Extension	Emerging	2025	No	MIT	C++	SPARQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
106 ▼6	GitHub repository 327	RushDB	LPG		Emerging	2024	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	Custom API Cypher Gremlin	BoltHTTP/RESTPostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
107 ▲1	GitHub repository 10.7k	Yugabyte	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	C	openCypher SQL	PostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
108 ▼9	GitHub repository 1.1k	Evokoa	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	SQL	PostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
109 ▼3	GitHub repository 211	sones GmbH	LPG		Emerging	2010	No	AGPL-3.0	C#	GQL (Sones)	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
110 ▼8	GitHub repository 114	Merck	RDF		Emerging	2016	No	Apache-2.0	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
111 ▼1	—	Data Language	Multiple		Emerging	2021	No	Proprietary	Rust	GQL openCypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
112 ▼1	GitHub repository 235	DeepGraph AI	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2025	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	GQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
113 ▼4	GitHub repository 57	Apache Software Foundation	RDF		Emerging	2010	No	Apache-2.0	Java	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
114	—	Memgraph	Multiple	Query Engine	Emerging	2026	No	Proprietary	Rust	GQL	Bolt	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
115 ▼3	—		LPG		Enterprise	2013	No	Proprietary	-	SQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
116 ▼1	GitHub repository 71	-	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2020	No	MIT OR Apache-2.0	Rust	Custom API	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
117 ▼4	GitHub repository 151	LambdaZen	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2013	No	Apache-2.0	Java	Gremlin	Gremlin (WebSocket)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
118 ▼2	GitHub repository 214	-	Other		Emerging	2014	No	BSD-3-Clause	C++	Custom API	Native binary
119 ▲2	GitHub repository 90	Nicia AI	LPG	Library	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	TypeScript	Custom API	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
120 ▼2	GitHub repository 1.7k	eBay	RDF		Emerging	2019	No	Apache-2.0	Go	Custom API	HTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
121 ▲3	—	CreateLink	LPG		Emerging	2020	No	Proprietary	-	openCypher	BoltHTTP/REST
122 ▼5	GitHub repository 439	Graph Foundation	LPG		Emerging	2018	No	GPL-3.0 OR AGPL-3.0	Java	Cypher	BoltHTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
123 ▼4	GitHub repository 67	Raytheon BBN Technologies	RDF		Emerging	2009	No	BSD-3-Clause	C++	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
124 ▼4	GitHub repository 13	-	Other		Emerging	2017	No	-	C++	Custom API	Thrift
125 ▲15	GitHub repository 27	QueryGraph	LPG	Library	Emerging	2026	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	Custom API	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
126 ▼3	—	Microsoft	LPG		Enterprise	2017	No	Proprietary	-	SQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
127 ▼37	—	ByteDance	Other		Enterprise	2018	No	Proprietary	C++	Gremlin	Unknown
128 ▼3	—	Datagraph GmbH	RDF		Emerging	2011	No	Proprietary	Common Lisp	GraphQL SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
129 ▼2	GitHub repository 111	Codemix	LPG	Library	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	TypeScript	Gremlin openCypher	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
130 ▼4	—		Other		Enterprise	2015	No	Proprietary	C++	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol
131 ▼3	GitHub repository 0	Qbix	LPG	Library	Emerging	-	No	AGPL-3.0	JavaScript	Custom API	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
132	GitHub repository —	DICE Research Group, Paderborn University	RDF		Emerging	2020	Yes	Proprietary	C++	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
133 ▼4	GitHub repository 8	-	LPG		Emerging	2019	No	Apache-2.0	Scala	openCypher	Native binary
134 ▼3	GitHub repository 18	-	Other		Emerging	2019	No	Apache-2.0	C++	Gremlin	Native binary
135 ▼5	—	SysSurge	RDF		Emerging	2012	No	Proprietary	-	SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
136 ▲1	GitHub repository 104	-	RDF	Library	Emerging	2025	No	Apache-2.0	Rust	SPARQL	SPARQL ProtocolGraphQL (HTTP)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
137 ▼2	GitHub repository 48		RDF		Emerging	2006	No	OSL-3.0	Java	iTQLSPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL ProtocolNative binary	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
138 ▼4	GitHub repository 343	RecallGraph	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2019	No	Apache-2.0	JavaScript	Custom API	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
139 ▼6	—	Objectivity Inc	LPG		Enterprise	2010	No	Proprietary	Java	DO Query Language	Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
140 ▼4	GitHub repository 6	AstraeaDB	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Rust	Cypher GQL	gRPCNative binary	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
141 ▲3	GitHub repository 67	Volodymyr Pavlyshyn	RDF	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	MIT OR Apache-2.0	Rust	openCypher SPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
142 ▼3	GitHub repository 55	Rahul Iyer	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	C++	GQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
143 ▲2	GitHub repository 25	LoraDB	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2026	No	BUSL-1.1	Rust	Cypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
144 ▼6	GitHub repository 59	BangDB	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2012	No	BSD-3-Clause	C++	openCypher	HTTP/RESTNative binary
145 ▼4	GitHub repository 8		LPG		Emerging	2019	No	Proprietary	-	openCypher	gRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
146 ▼4	GitHub repository 28	University of Athens	RDF		Emerging	2010	No	MPL-2.0	Java	GeoSPARQLSPARQLstSPARQL	SPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
147 ▼1	GitHub repository 148	Graph Foundation	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2023	No	GPL-3.0	Java	Cypher	BoltHTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
148 ▼5	GitHub repository 4	Justin Scott	LPG	Library	Emerging	2026	No	MIT OR Apache-2.0	Rust	GQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
149 ▼2	GitHub repository 84	VelocityDB Inc	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2013	No	Proprietary	C#	LINQ	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
150 ▼2	GitHub repository 65	Nicholas Humfrey	RDF		Emerging	2010	No	GPL-3.0	C	SPARQL	HTTP/RESTSPARQL Protocol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
151 ▼2	GitHub repository 58	-	Other	Embedded	Emerging	2020	No	Apache-2.0	C++	Custom API	-
152 ▲1	GitHub repository 6	LadybugDB	LPG	Extension	Emerging	2026	No	PostgreSQL	C	openCypher SQL	PostgreSQL wire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
153 new	GitHub repository 2	alitrack	Other	Extension	Emerging	2026	No	MIT	Rust	SQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
154 ▼4	GitHub repository 3	Katsuhide Tsuruta	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	Elastic-2.0	Rust	Custom API	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
155 ▼4	GitHub repository 55	-	LPG	Embedded	Emerging	2017	No	AGPL-3.0	Java	Gremlin	-
156 ▼4	GitHub repository 28	University of Waterloo	LPG		Emerging	2017	No	MIT	Java	openCypher	-
157 ▼3	—	Alibaba Cloud	LPG		Enterprise	2019	Yes	Proprietary	-	-	BoltGremlin (WebSocket)
158 ▼3	—	Tucana Technologies	RDF		Emerging	2003	No	MPL-1.1	Java	iTQL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
—	—	Huawei Cloud	LPG		Enterprise	2017	Yes	Proprietary	C++	Gremlin openCypher	HTTP/REST	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
—	—	IBM	Other		Enterprise	2013	No	Proprietary	C++	Gremlin	HTTP/RESTNative binary
—	—	Objectivity Inc	Other		Enterprise	1990	No	Proprietary	C++	DO Query Language	JDBC/ODBC
—	—		LPG		Emerging	2018	No	Proprietary	-	openCypher SQL	Thrift
—	—	Meta	Other		Established	2012	No	Proprietary	C++	TAO API	Unknown
—	—	Truespar	LPG		Emerging	2026	No	Proprietary	Rust	GQL openCypher	BoltHTTP/RESTgRPC	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Graph Database Comparison — 164+ Engines