Graph query engines compared

Query engines that run graph queries over storage they do not own.

9 active graph query engines are in the catalogue. They are written mostly in TypeScript and Python, 5 are open source, and 0 carry survey feature scores. Gaffer, Apache Giraph are no longer active and listed separately below.

Attribute	Comunica #28 ▼4 Growing	GFQL #31 ▼2 Growing	Ontop #40 ▼3 Growing	PuppyGraph #55 ▼1 Growing	Lance Graph #71 ▼3 Growing	Vadalog #85 ▼3 Growing
At a glance
Rank	#28	#31	#40	#55	#71	#85
Score	49.1	47.9	45.3	40.9	38.1	35.3
GitHub stars	620	2.6k	1k	—	186	—
Popularity	56.1	50.2	55.4	34.6	38.9	37.0
Activity	64.9	58.8	50.1	57.0	39.2	49.1
Community	33.5	44.5	32.0	37.5	35.9	38.0
Research	29.4	26.7	38.0	26.7	—	69.5
Fundamentals
Description	A modular SPARQL query engine written in TypeScript that federates queries across heterogeneous linked data sources including SPARQL endpoints, RDF files, HDT archives, and Solid data pods. Runs in both Node.js and browsers.	A dataframe-native graph query language with vectorized processing and optional GPU acceleration. Supports Cypher-like syntax, embedded within the PyGraphistry library.	A Virtual Knowledge Graph system that exposes relational databases as RDF knowledge graphs, translating SPARQL queries into SQL without moving data. Uses R2RML mappings and lightweight ontologies.	A graph query engine that runs analytics on existing relational databases, data lakes, and warehouses without data migration.	A graph query engine built on the Lance columnar format, supporting multimodal knowledge graphs in serverless environments.	A knowledge graph management system from the University of Oxford that reasons over knowledge graphs in the Vadalog language, built on Warded Datalog+/- to combine full recursion with ontological reasoning at polynomial data complexity. Developed in the VADA research programme and commercialised by Prometheux as Vadalog Parallel.
Vendor	Comunica Association	Graphistry	Ontopic	PuppyQuery Inc	LanceDB Inc	University of Oxford
Model	RDF	Property Graph	RDF	Property Graph	Property Graph	Other
Kind	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine
Category	Emerging	Growing	Established	Growing	Emerging	Emerging
First released	2018-06	2023	2009	2024-03	2025-09	2018
Status	active	active	active	active	active	active
License	MIT	BSD-3-Clause	Apache-2.0	Proprietary	Apache-2.0	—
Written in	TypeScript	Python	Java	—	Rust	—
Query languages	SPARQL, GraphQL	GFQL, openCypher	SPARQL	Gremlin, openCypher	SQL, openCypher	Vadalog
gdotv support	no	no	no	yes	no	no